CIRAM carries out metallographic analysis of your art objects and archaeological artifacts to authenticate materials, detect alterations and retrace their history.
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Metallographic analysis is based on the microscopic study of old metals and alloys. It allows us to observe their internal structure, determine their chemical composition and identify manufacturing processes and any alterations (corrosion, patina).
At CIRAM, this method is mainly used forauthentication of art objects and the analysis ofarchaeological artifacts. It is particularly useful for :
Analyses are carried out using state-of-the-art instruments: SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry) and ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry).
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Although this method is most frequently used for ceramic objects, the thermoluminescence test (TL) test can also be applied to certain metal objects, particularly those with a cavity or closed shape, in which a residual cast iron core remains.
This core, often made of silicate material, retains properties that enable thermoluminescence dating. Coupled with metallographic analysis, the TL test provides precise chronological data that reinforces the assessment of the work's authenticity.
At CIRAM, this cross-referenced approach is used to consolidate the results of corrosion analysis and alloy composition. This makes it an invaluable tool in complex cases.
Request a quoteFor these alloys, analysis is mainly based on SEM-EDX, used alone in most cases. This technique enables :
Corrosion, or "patina", is an invaluable time marker for a product. Artificial patina can betray an attempt at falsification.
Iron is characterized by its rapid corrosion, which makes the study of patina of little relevance for dating. CIRAM favors the analysis of inclusions and internal impurities using SEM-EDX, in order to :
This technological approach makes it possible to provide objective results, even on objects with severe surface deterioration.
L’or, très peu sujet à la corrosion, nécessite une analyse chimique très fine. CIRAM utilise ici principalement l’ICP-MS, méthode quantitative de référence pour l’analyse des éléments traces (< 0,1 %), notamment le plomb, le bismuth, l’étain ou le platine.
This technique enables :
Gold analysis follows three stages:
When you call on a laboratory like CIRAM, you benefit from high-precision analyses carried out according to rigorous, scientifically-validated protocols. With over 20 years of expertise, CIRAM is recognized by numerous museum, archaeological and heritage institutions for :
CIRAM works in France and abroad on authentication, characterization and characterization and conservation projects, and is committed to providing reliable results, interpreted in their historical, scientific and artistic context.
Contact our teamsStatues, jewelry, coins, decorative objects... any metal artifact can be metallographically characterized.
It begins with a micro-sampling. After preparation, analyses are carried out at different scales to obtain data on composition, corrosion and any alterations.
Yes, alloy and corrosion analysis can differentiate between modern and old manufacture, and detect any falsifications.
Yes, natural patina reveals slow, ancient corrosion. Artificial patina, on the other hand, can betray an attempt at fraudulent ageing.
Rates depend on the nature of the object, the analysis techniques required and the complexity of the study. Please do not hesitate to contact us for a quote.
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