How to recognize bronze and differentiate it from brass?
Distinguishing a work of art in bronze from one in brass is not possible at a glance, however expert. Deceptive patinas, invisible restorations, sophisticated forgeries...

At CIRAM, we put our expertise in physico-chemical analysis at the service of professionals to guarantee the reliability of the origin and dating of works of art.
Contact our teams
The authenticity of a work of art determines its value, its legitimacy and its place in art history. Faced with the proliferation of fakes - often undetectable to the naked eye - traditional expertise is no longer sufficient. The slightest doubt can compromise a transaction, an attribution or damage the reputation of an institution.
Museums, auction houses, collectors and experts all demand reliable proof.
CIRAM provides them with rigorous, traceable and legally admissible scientific analyses, in complete confidentiality.
Contact our teamsLeading museums and art professionals trust us to authenticate their objects.
At CIRAM, we combine several analysis techniques to guarantee a reliable, objective and legally enforceable appraisal. Each method assesses a different aspect of the work:
Our team of experts selects the most appropriate techniques according to the nature of your object and your authentication objectives.
Find out more about our analysis methodsEach authentication follows a strict protocol, adapted to the specific features of the work being analyzed.
We talk to you to understand the context, the questions raised and any uncertainties related to the object.
We select the most relevant analyses according to the materials, the state of conservation and your objectives.
We carry out micro-samples in situ, preserving the integrity of the work.
We carry out tests at our accredited facilities, with full traceability.
We provide you with a clear, interpreted and usable report.
When you choose CIRAM, you choose scientific excellence at the service of the the art market. For over 20 years, we have been supporting museums, auction houses, collectors and experts with an independent, rigorous and confidential approach.
You benefit from :
Entrust your works to CIRAM for reliable, objective and recognized authentication.
Contact our teamsYes, we prefer non-destructive analysis or the use of micro-samples invisible to the naked eye.
Paintings, sculptures, ceramics, antique jewelry, manuscripts... Most materials can be scientifically analyzed.
Allow 10 to 15 working days on average, depending on the complexity of the techniques and the availability of the object.
Yes, our reports are admissible in court and can be produced as part of an adversarial appraisal.
It depends on the analyses to be carried out. We systematically provide a quotation and a personalized feasibility study prior to any intervention.
Check the historical compatibility of a painting by studying the pigments, binder and support used in relation to the period advertised.
Identify past restorations and assess the work's state of preservation to guide its exhibition, sale and preservation.
Analyze the composition of materials to distinguish an old work from a modern reproduction, even if it has been cast or restored.
Use radiocarbon dating to accurately determine the age of your wood carving, ancient manuscript, painting or any other organic material, such as ivory...
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